"THIS," "THAT," "THESE" AND "THOSE"

"THIS," "THAT," "THESE" AND "THOSE"

"This" is one thing close by.	John needs this      book.
"These" are two or more things close by.	He needs these    books.
"That" is one thing farther away.	He needs that      book.
"Those" are two or more things farther away.	He needs those    books.

USING "DO" TO EMPHASIZE

Normal emphasis	Stronger emphasis
Do you speak English?       Yes, I speak English.	You don't speak English, do you?       Yes, I do speak English.
Does he speak English?       Yes, he speaks English.	He doesn't speak English, does he?       Yes, he does speak English.
	Do you speak English?       No, I don't speak English.
	Does he speak English?       No, he doesn't speak English.
	Did you speak English?       No, I didn't speak English.
	Did they speak English?       No, they didn't speak English.