SAYING THINGS POLITELY

SAYING THINGS POLITELY

You shouldn't do that.	Maybe you shouldn't do that.
You need to leave.	Don't you need to leave?
You need to choose something.	Can I help you choose something?
Listen to what he is saying.	We need to listen to what he is saying.
Sit down.	Please sit down.
Listen to me.	May I please have your attention?
You need to know this.	I think you will want to know this.
We have finished our discussion.	Have we finished our discussion?
You are wrong.	I don't think that is correct.
Get out of my way.	May I please come through?
That isn't any of your business.	I don't believe that concerns you.
It's none of your business.	I'm sorry, but we will take care of that.
I want to talk now.	Excuse me. May I say something?
Be more careful with that.	I would be more careful with that.
You don't need to know.	I don't want to answer that just now.
Don't do that.	Please wait.
You are late.	I think we need to hurry.
He is coming and you are not ready.	Isn't he coming soon?
Do it this way.	Let me show you how to do it.
We don't know that.	We don't really know that.
He is always wrong.	Sometimes we think he is wrong.
I don't want to do it now.	Could we do it another time?

TWO-WORD VERBS

TWO-WORD VERBS

to break up	They broke the meeting up at noon.
	They will break up at noon.
to bring up	She brought the children up by herself.
	He will bring the topic up during dinner.
to call off	They called the meeting off this morning.
	They called off the meeting.
to call up	The officers were called up last week.
to clean up	We cleaned the house up quickly.
to do over	They did their lesson over.
to drop in	Please drop in if you can.
to drop off	He will drop the lesson off at my house.
to fill out	You must fill the insurance form out now.
	You must fill out the insurance form.
to get on	They got on the airplane together.
to get up	She will get up early tomorrow morning.
to give back	We need to give the money back to them soon.
	We must give back the money.
to go over	I went over to his house yesterday.
to hand in	Hand in your lesson before you leave.
to hang up	He hung the phone up very quickly.
	He hung up quickly.
	She hung her clothes up this morning.
	She hung up her clothes.
to look over	I looked the lesson over rather quickly.
to look into	I must look into that problem.
to look up	Look that word up in your book.
to pick up	You will need to pick him up at the airport.
	Pick your lesson up before you leave.
	Pick up your lesson as you leave.
to put away	Put your clothes away before you leave.
to put on	Put your clothes on before you leave.
to put out	Put the animals out if they cause any problem.
to run across	He ran across an important book.
to show up	He will show up at the meeting.
to take off	She took her coat off because she was hot.
	We took off about noon.
to take out	He took her out to see the city.
	Please take the groceries out of the car.
to think over	Please think it over before you say anything.
to try on	Try these clothes on before you decide.
to turn in	He turned his lesson in before he left.
	He already turned in his lesson.
	He turned in early because he was tired.
to turn off	Always turn the machines off before you leave.
to turn on	You must turn the machines on when you first arrive.
to turn out	Turn the lights out before you leave.
	Please turn out the lights.
to turn up	Turn the heat up if you want.

DOING OR RECEIVING THE ACTIO

DOING OR RECEIVING THE ACTION

When someone is doing the action.	When something is receiving the action.
Everyone knows that.	That is known by everyone.
We promised the work to those men.	The work was promised to those men.
Did she already spend her money?	Was her money already spent?
Tomorrow we will read this book.	Tomorrow this book will be read.
We will take the younger children.	The younger children will be taken.
Did the leader give a clear message?	Was the leader's message clear?
The man started his car early.	The man's car was started early.
We called the children by name.	The children were called by name.
They chose the shortest book.	The shortest book was chosen.

USE THESE WORDS CORRECTLY

How high is that mountain?	Its height is over 11,000 feet.
How wide is their house?	Its width is almost 50 feet.
How deep is the water?	Its depth is about 100 feet.
How long is this bed?	Its length is about six feet.
How thick is that book?	Its thickness is greater than any of the others.
How strong is that boy?	His strength is very great.
How powerful is this car?	Its power is greater than that one over there.
How weak is that woman?	Her weakness is extreme.
How dark is it inside the house?	The darkness is more than we can stand.
How hot is the fire?	Its heat is very high.

WHEN SOMETHING HAPPENS

WHEN SOMETHING HAPPENS

"THIS," "THAT," "THESE" AND "THOSE"

"THIS," "THAT," "THESE" AND "THOSE"

"This" is one thing close by.	John needs this      book.
"These" are two or more things close by.	He needs these    books.
"That" is one thing farther away.	He needs that      book.
"Those" are two or more things farther away.	He needs those    books.

USING "DO" TO EMPHASIZE

Normal emphasis	Stronger emphasis
Do you speak English?       Yes, I speak English.	You don't speak English, do you?       Yes, I do speak English.
Does he speak English?       Yes, he speaks English.	He doesn't speak English, does he?       Yes, he does speak English.
	Do you speak English?       No, I don't speak English.
	Does he speak English?       No, he doesn't speak English.
	Did you speak English?       No, I didn't speak English.
	Did they speak English?       No, they didn't speak English.

When and time

"WHERE" AND "WHEN"

Where and a place

Where is used to ask a question about a place.
    Where will they go tomorrow?
    Where is my book?
    Where is the closest bus stop?

Where can be used to identify a place.
    This is the place where we will stand.
    He followed the men to the house where they were meeting.
    He will show the officer where the woman was hurt.

When and time

When is used to ask a question about time.
    When will we leave?
    When does the bus arrive?
    When did he finish his work?

When can be used to identify the time something happened.
    They were afraid when we left.
    We don't know when it will be finished.
    I need to leave when my car is fixed.

THE TIME OF THE VERB'S ACTION

THE TIME OF THE VERB'S ACTION

Two past actions happened at the same time.

	Two actions happened together.
She	said "hello" when she entered	the house.
The car	ran out of gas and stopped.
We	sent the gift when we knew	she left.

One past action happened before the other.

The first past time.	The second past time.	The completed action.
She had already	entered the house	before she said "hello."
The car had run out of gas	before it stopped.
We had already sent the gift	before we knew	she left.

Two future actions will happen at the same time.

	Two actions will happen together.
She	will say "hello" when you enter	the house.
The car	will run out of gas and stop.
We	will send the gift when we know	she is leaving.

One future action will happen before the other.

The first future time.	The second future time.
She will have said "hello"	before you enter the house.
The car will have run out of gas	before it stops.
We will have sent the gift	before we know she is leaving.

relations

DON'T USE TWO NEGATIVES

DON'T USE TWO NEGATIVES

He doesn't have  money.	He doesn't have any money
	He has no money
We didn't do  yesterday.	We didn't do anything yesterday.
	We did nothing yesterday.
You don't know  about it.	You don't know anything about it.
	You know nothing about it.
They won't see  one there.	They won't see anyone there.
	They will see no one there.
We aren't going  tomorrow.	We aren't going anywhere tomorrow.
	We are going nowhere tomorrow.
I didn't get  of it.	I didn't get any of it.
	I got none of it.
We didn't see  there.	We didn't see anybody there.
	We saw nobody there.
I don't have  money or food.	I don't have either money or food.
	I have neither money nor food.

THE VERB AGREES WITH ITS SUBJECT

THE VERB AGREES WITH ITS SUBJECT

women agree	The women from that group always agree to control it.
group agrees	That group of women always agrees to control it.
students learn	The students in this school learn English.
school teaches	This school for men teaches English.
children take	The children from this family take a part with us.
family takes	This family with three children takes a part with us.
Peter runs	he runs	Peter sometimes runs.
John and Peter run	they run	John and Peter sometimes run together.
car is	it is	The car is on the road.
car and bus are	they are	The car and bus are on the road.
hand was	it was	His hand was hurt.
hand and arm were	they were	Both his hand and arm were hurt.

THE USE OF "OTHER"

another is     (one person)	Another man is strong.
others are     (two or more people)	Others are strong.
the other is     (one person)	The other man is strong.
the others are     (two or more people)	The others are strong.

"WILL" AND "MAY" OR "MIGHT" "Will" indicates certainty. I will go tomorrow. He will talk about the emergency. It will be a large amount of money. They will do all of their work. "May" or "Might" indicates doubt.

"WILL" AND "MAY" OR "MIGHT"

"Will" indicates certainty.

I will go tomorrow.

He will talk about the emergency.

It will be a large amount of money.

They will do all of their work.

"May" or "Might" indicates doubt.

Stronger Possibility	Weaker Possibility
I may go tomorrow.	I might go tomorrow.
He may talk about the emergency.	He might talk about the emergency.
It may be a large amount of money.	It might be a large amount of money.
They may do all of their work.	They might do all of their work.

I will go tomorrow.   (It is certain.)

I may go tomorrow.   (I will decide later.)

I might go tomorrow.   (But I probably will not.)

NUMBERS

NUMBERS

The #	The word	The word used in a sentence.
0	zero	There were no children.
1	one	There was one boy.
2	two	There were two boys.
3	three	There were three children.
4	four	There are four girls.
5	five	There were five men.
6	six	There are six people.
7	seven	There are seven children.
8	eight	There will be eight men.
9	nine	We have nine books.
10	ten	We have 10 books.
11	eleven	We have 11 books.
12	twelve	There were 12 boys.
13	thirteen	We have 13 stores.
14	fourteen	There are 14 girls.
15	fifteen	The city owns 15 buses.
16	sixteen	There are 16 stores.
17	seventeen	We had 17 cards.
18	eighteen	There are 18 children.
19	nineteen	There will be 19 men.
20	twenty	We have 20 books.
21	twenty one	The city owns 21 buses.
22	twenty two	There will be 22 houses.
30	thirty	There are 30 in the group.
33	thirty three	There will be 33 men.
34	thirty four	There were 34 children.
40	forty	There are around 40 boys.
45	forty five	There are 45 stores.
46	forty six	We had 46 cards.
50	fifty	There will be 50 gifts.
57	fifty seven	There will be 57 cars.
58	fifty eight	There were 58 children.
60	sixty	There are 60 in the group.
69	sixty nine	We have 69 books.
70	seventy	We had 70 children here.
80	eighty	The city owns 80 buses.
90	ninety	There will be 90 men.
100	one hundred	There are around 100 boys.
101	one hundred (and) one	There will be 101 gifts.
110	one hundred (and) ten	The city owns 110 buses.
120	one hundred (and) twenty	We had 120 girls.
200	two hundred	There will be 200 houses.
230	two hundred (and) thirty	There were 230 people.
235	two hundred (and) thirty five	There are 235 in the group.
1008	one thousand (and) eight	We have 1,008 books.
1026	one thousand (and) twenty six	We had 1,026 people.
1480	one thousand four hundred (and) eighty	There are about 1,480 books.
1487	one thousand four hundred (and) eighty seven	There were 1,487 people.

1st	first	It was the first time they walked.
2nd	second	There will be a second leader.
3rd	third	There was a third murder.
4th	fourth	This will be the fourth time it was destroyed.
5th	fifth	It will be the fifth gift he has given to us.
6th	sixth	That will be the sixth card he has handed over.
7th	seventh	She is the seventh ancestor we found.
8th	eighth	Why was the eighth man here?
9th	ninth	Is the ninth book his?
10th	tenth	They all looked at the tenth word.

WORDS THAT DESCRIBE

WORDS THAT DESCRIBE

big   bigger   biggest   black   blacker   blackest   dark   darker   darkest   dull   duller   dullest   early   earlier   earliest   fast   faster   fastest   fat   fatter   fattest   few   fewer   fewest   fine   finer   finest   good   better   best   grand   grander   grandest   hard   harder   hardest   healthy   healthier   healthiest   holy   holier   holiest   hot   hotter   hottest   kind   kinder   kindest   large   larger   largest   late   later   latest

little   littler   littlest   long   longer   longest   near   nearer   nearest   old   older   oldest   rich   richer   richest   short   shorter   shortest   sick   sicker   sickest   sleepy   sleepier   sleepiest   slim   slimmer   slimmest   small   smaller   smallest   smart   smarter   smartest   straight   straighter   straightest   tall   taller   tallest   thin   thinner   thinnest   tiny   tinier   tiniest   ugly   uglier   ugliest   white   whiter   whitest   young   younger   youngest

angry	angrier	angriest	angrily
bad	worse	worst	badly
bold	bolder	boldest	boldly
bright	brighter	brightest	brightly
clean	cleaner	cleanest	cleanly
clear	clearer	clearest	clearly
close	closer	closest	closely
cold	colder	coldest	coldly
cool	cooler	coolest	coolly
deep	deeper	deepest	deeply
full	fuller	fullest	fully
great	greater	greatest	greatly
happy	happier	happiest	happily
heavy	heavier	heaviest	heavily
high	higher	highest	highly
light	lighter	lightest	lightly
loud	louder	loudest	loudly
mean	meaner	meanest	meanly
neat	neater	neater	neatly
nice	nicer	nicest	nicely
noisy	noisier	noisiest	noisily
quick	quicker	quickest	quickly
sad	sadder	saddest	sadly
sharp	sharper	sharpest	sharply
shy	shyer	shyest	shyly
slow	slower	slowest	slowly
smooth	smoother	smoothest	smoothly
strict	stricter	strictest	strictly
strong	stronger	strongest	strongly
sweet	sweeter	sweetest	sweetly
tight	tighter	tightest	tightly
warm	warmer	warmest	warmly

attractive	more attractive	most attractive	attractively
beautiful	more beautiful	most beautiful	beautifully
clever	more clever	most cleaver	cleverly
cruel	more cruel	most cruel	cruelly
deceitful	more deceitful	most deceitful	deceitfully
famous	more famous	most famous	famously
furious	more furious	most furious	furiously
jealous	more jealous	most jealous	jealously
peaceful	more peaceful	most peaceful	peacefully
personal	more personal	most personal	personally
powerful	more powerful	most powerful	powerfully
public	more public	most public	publicly
religious	more religious	most religious	religiously
responsible	more responsible	most responsible	responsibly
shameful	more shameful	most shameful	shamefully
wicked	more wicked	most wicked	wickedly
worthy	more worthy	most worthy	worthily